About ten years ago, the Endocrine Society selected ethnic disparities as its Annual Meeting Theme. Working as the lone endocrinologist serving an inner city population, the subject generated appropriate enthusiasm on my part, though more on the flight to that meeting than on flight home. Disparities of diseases were discussed, senior professors lamented the under-representation of minorities in their clinical trials recruitment, some desired broader ethnic representation in the workforce while leaving no offense to the very fine people we already had. No surprise on our aggregate professional scorecard. I returned to my patient cohort wondering about my own lapses, as wanting all patients to benefit maximally from clinical encounters is shared by virtually all physicians. Unfortunately no way of making an accurate personal appraisal and no specifics of what to seek out in my own patient encounters. Nor anyone to coach me.
When Hizzoner Mayor Koch used to ride the NY City subways solo, he would randomly ask riders how he's doing as Mayor. Some would tell him what they thought the candid truth. In the ten years since that Annual Meeting, Covid along with more formal outcome studies on disparities in common endocrine disorders provided our specialty disappointing progress from what that themed meeting aspired to achieved. African-Americans and Hispanics still lag behind accessing emerging diabetes technology, the most reliable insulins are farther our of financial reach for many people now than ten years ago, as Covid forced acceptance of virtual remote site medical encounters groups most devastated by the pandemic were the least able to take advantage of this new resource, our workforce, while still admirable, reflects the ethnic distribution of college graduates who took the pre-med requirements and got an A or B in Organic Chemistry, which is a whole lot different than the mix of patients who depend upon our skill and our kindness. That ten year interval does not seem to have generated much in the way of pilot projects of great promise. And publicly expressed antagonisms have become more harsh, not less.
Perhaps time for a rethink. Earlier this year, the Endocrine Society assembled an expert panel to explore the challenges of America's ingrained racism which, at least in part, keeps certain groups of Americans from partaking of the best our specialty has to offer. [Eradicating Racism: An Endocrine Society Policy Perspective
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 107, Issue 5, May 2022, Pages 1205–1215, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab896]
Like most formal position papers the goals are noble, the assessment of the challenge thorough, and parts that I might have hoped would be part of the move forward did not make it to the text. As doctors, we look at our measures to achieve best outcomes. The first thing that stands out is the stated need to eradicate the effect of racism. As doctors this impedes our effictiveness. As people, eradicating racism is undertaken to enhance the world. The paper opted for the medical goal of better outcomes rather than addressing this as a fundamental demerit in how our world is structured. In that perspective medical outcomes are a form of collateral damage that can be reduced even when the imprint of how different subsets of people are thought to think and react is probably more intractable.
Endocrinologists, and physicians in general, do quite well sifting through histories of how we got to where we are, whether doing a comprehensive consultation on a new patient, looking at the trajectory of how our current treatments flowed from what the previous generations of endocrinologists did, and in a social framework looking at where we were and its path to where we aspire to be. Disease outcomes are fairly easily extracted. But to improve, the committee recognizes that some cooperation is needed from payers and others who also want good care for their beneficiaries which sometimes conflict with the financial obligations to their shareholders, with minority patients caught in middle.
Medical care depends highly on its workforce. The Endocrinology community has always surrounded me with worthy colleagues. Our training programs go out of their way to assure that its graduates are ready to pass their exams and take responsibility for their patients and for undertaking productive research. But the position paper questions, with some validity, whether it is the best work force and whether we put the right incentives in place so that those most interested in reducing disparities have the resources that they need to do it. Perhaps more importantly, do those who direct their careers that way receive due recognition, or will they always score lower on the Endocrinology Prestige Meter than those who advance molecular biology or medical technology? It is a very valid question. At the 2012 meeting themed to disparity, the plenary invitations still went to those most productive in the lab. To some extent funding reflects what is valued or what is judged of greatest future potential. There are some training grants to address this. It is still unlikely that research efforts to explore the social structures of endocrinology will acquire parity with efforts to delve into the molecular mechanisms of the diseases we treat.
As much as a diverse, inclusive workplace has become a widely accepted goal of healtcare instututions, major corporations that thrive or fail by their innovation, and the universities that generate the talent, the pool of people from which the talent emerges is really a skewed subset of the larger community. While medical school, residency, and fellowship is not available to everyone, even to many who would make terrific colleagues, the care of patients needs a lot more people than just specialized technical talent. They correctly recognize that the people patients and research subjects connect to best to are people they feel are most like them. And patient care is a team enterprise. Opportunities to expand this presence by bringing aboard research coordinators, office staff, and others who are very much part of the Endocrinology workforce but not permitted to be as visible or as representative as they could be. This may be one of the more measurable initiatives that brings a huge contribution to the goal of better outcomes.
Policy statements have what is there, but also what is not there. Some of the candor seemed to be either absent or less conspicuous than I think it could have been. The statement gives major emphasis to education. Hard to be a doctor and oppose education. But it takes more than education to be effective, which is why we do a lot more practical work than classwork after the basic science years of medical school. In the area of public policy and attitudes, it is not always education that generates desired outcomes. Seat belts had their opposition for decades until states started fining drivers on the road unbuckled. Teaching people about Covid immunization does not eliminate anti-vaxxers or even physicians who cater to them. In the more sensitive areas of Civil Rights, there were lectures galore of the social and financial benefits of open public accommodations but restaurants and hotels often continued to exclude minorities until a legal mandate required they have access. I would question how much progress can really be made in the absence of mandatory conduct, something very absent from the statement and its recommendations.
As a fellow I was made to carry a small ruler in the breast pocket of my white coat because endocrinologists measure everything. Measurements and pilot projects are essential to progress. I don't know what an Endocrine Society Skunk Works would look like or what they would fund. Surely the intent of the themed meeting fell short of its intent, thus the revisit, but what failed and why needs to be part of the assessment. So does what succeeded, but the trajectory of progress in those ten years did not make the current policy statement, which I think is incomplete without it. For a specialty dependent on measurement of our patients' progress and our own, I might have expected within the proposal some benchmarks to monitor progress along the way to avoid another ten year interval between meaningful initiatives.
Another area of untapped potential not discussed beyond a polite slap at our insurance payers are the potential partnerships to be pursued. The Endocrine Society, to which I loyally pay dues even in retirement, is the most diverse of the advocates for patients with hormonal disorders, though hardly the only one. If diabetes care lags behind, I suspect the American Diabetes Association leadership is just as taken aback by the ourcomes of the patients we share. There is a thyroid association, an organization of bone experts, potential gynecological overlap, and experts in our end organ meltdowns of heart and kidneys. Eliminating racism either for its own sake or directed to optimal medical outcomes means seeking alliances. Perhaps our best partner might not be another health agency but a think tank that has experience creating researched and enforceable policies. Moreover, not all great allies need to be congenial. A lot of us are forever grateful to the most notorious curmudgeon in our fellowship program who gave us that tough love that we needed when nobody else would. While the work force needs to be diverse, so too the committees that explore solutions. Not all diversity committes reflect that. They should, lest recommendations emerge from professional echo chambers. The most disagreeble, unwelcome input, when learned, offers insight not easily acquired elsewhere. And every outcome has a why, an investigation typically more gratifying than the outcome itself. Bask in successes, as there have been many, but recognize what has not gone along the desired path. Opponents can be either resources or threats. Either way, they are still part of medical care and development of meaningful initiatives.
All worthy projects, indeed all that we have from medical advances to technology to the trajectories of our social structions, always begin with somebody imagining what might be possible, then assembling a process to make it happen. Eradicating racism, which has been an ongoing American blight, has to start with proposals for doing it, anticipating what success might look like in terms of more equitable medical care and better congeniality, then outlining a means of pursuing it. I think the Endocrine Society deserves support for the effort. While it seems incomplete, even vulnerable in some ways, it is an initiative that deserves high priority as well as some introspection of ourselves as people and as a profession. Impediments not previously encountered will invariably arise, as they do with all transforming initiatives, but addressing those snafus is really part of the success.
